Adolf Hitler, in his early thirties, has already taken control of the newly formed NSDAP,  otherwise known as the Nazis. However, there was not much support was for the party before 1923. So, Hitler decided to attempt a coup in Munich at the many beer halls. With the assistance of World War I Erster Generalquartiermeister, or Quartermaster General, Erich Friedrich Wilhelm Ritter von Ludendorff, they were to perform a similar coup to Benito Mussolini’s “March on Rome” in 1922. Adolf’s plan was to stage a coup in Bavaria to challenge the government in Berlin. Initial support was to come from Gustav Ritter von Kahr, a Staatskommissar (state commissioner) of Bavaria and de facto ruler. Kahr denied supporting Adolf’s coup as he, with Police Chief Hans Ritter von Seisser and Reichswehr General Otto von Lossow, wished to have a nationalist dictatorship without Adolf. The soon-to-happen events would later be known as the Beer Hall Putsch or the Munich Putsch.

Adolf would have likely been furious at Kahr for doing this act, and on November 8th, Adolf and SA para-militants invade a public meeting, consisting of 3,000 individuals, held by Kahr. Adolf declared revolution and a new formation of government with Ludendorff’s assistance. Adolf would proceed to threaten Kahr, Seisser, and Lossow to support him.

During this invasion of the beer hall Bürgerbräukeller, Adolf’s additional forces occupied the Reichswehr, the Weimar Republic Army, and the city police. Overall, Adolf was hoping to the earn the support of the police and the army to join their revolution. They did not. Adolf and his followers moved on to the Bavarian War Ministry. During attempt to overthrow the Bavarian government, the police were able to disperse Adolf and his followers, making the coup an utter failure. Additionally, this failed coup resulted in the deaths of four policemen and sixteen NSDAP members. The fallen NSDAP members would be later called the first ‘blood martyrs’ in Adolf’s Mein Kampf.

Adolf managed to escape the chaos to Ernst Hanfstaengl, a German-American businessman and friend of Adolf, a home in Uffing, a municipality outside of Munich. Adolf stayed here for two days until being found by the officials and charged with high treason in a special People’s Court. Other conspirators were found as well and arrested as such: Emil Maurice, Hermann Kriebel, Rudolf Hess, and Friedrich Weber. Some escaped to Austria like Hermann Göring and Ernst Hanfstaengl. Adolf was in trial for three days from February 28 to April 1, being judged by Judge Georg Neithardt who presided at Adolf’s other trial in 1921.

During the trial, Adolf took his time to express his anti-Semitic ideas to everyone in the court. Adolf was mainly worried about being deported back to Austria, but Neithardt was rather sympathetic towards him as Neithardt stated that current laws of the republic do not apply to "who thinks and feels like a German, as Hitler does." Both, Adolf and Rudolf Hess, were guilty and sentenced to five years in a Festungshaft, a literal confinement fortress. However, due to Adolf impressing the judges, Adolf only served eight months with a fine of five hundred Reichsmark, which at the time was equivalent to two hundred United States dollars.

Adolf, while at Landsberg prison, had began to dictate the very first volume of Mein Kampf (My Struggle), or originally named Four and a Half Years of Struggle against Lies, Stupidity, and Cowardice. It was first dictated to Emil Maurice and then later to Rudolf Hess. Mein Kampf was an autobiography of Adolf Hitler’s life, and it came in two volumes. The autobiography was dedicated to Dietrich Eckart, a member of the Thule Society who help influence Adolf, and the book displayed Adolf’s overall plan to make a singular race in Germany known as the ‘Aryan’ race. He depicted the Jews as “germs” with the only the solution being extrermination of them.

Adolf would leave Landsberg prison early because of good behavior, and on July 18th, 1925, the first volume of Mein Kampf was published with the second volume published a year later. His book would sell 228,000 copies from 1925 to 1932, but sales would increase to an approximate one million copies when Adolf became chancellor in 1933. The Bavarian government, just whenever Adolf was going to be eligible for patrol, tried to deport him back to Austria. The request of deportation was denied as the federal chancellor of Austria stated that due to Adolf’s service within the German army during the first World War, his Austrian citizenship was void. Adolf formally renounced his Austrian citizenship on April 7th, 1925.

During his absence, Alfred Rosenberg, a Baltic-German theorist, was the temporary leader of NSDAP. He did well in keeping the political party in order, but after the Beer Hall Putsch, the party needed  rebuilding. Adolf would pursue this goal for if the party could not compete against other political parties, then the NSDAP may not succeed in having Adolf as chancellor.